Ntlha ea pele, nts'etsopele ea khalase
1. Tšimoloho ea khalase ea Sechaena
Nako ea ponahalo ea khalase ea Sechaena ka kakaretso e morao ho feta nako ea ponahalo ea khalase ea lefatše.
Baholo-holo ba boholo-holo ba Machaena ba ile ba etsa porcelain ea khale ho pota nako ea morao ea Shang Dynasty, lilemo tse ka bang 2 000 ka mor'a hore Mesopotamia e sebelise mokhoa oa ho etsa khalase.Ho ea ka lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao, khalase ea khale ka ho fetisisa Chaena e hlahile sebakeng sa Xinjiang.Potsong ea hore na khalase e bōpiloe Chaena, pono e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ke hore khalase ea Sechaena e ile ea qala ho romelloa ho tsoa Asia Bophirimela 'me ea hlaha Chaena e le sehlahisoa sa mabothobotho.Qeto ea hore likhalase tse entsoeng lapeng Chaena li lokela ho hlaha nakong ea morao-rao ea Warring States e nkiloe ho lijana tsa khalase tse epolotsoeng mabitleng a Hunan le Hube.
Chaena ea boholo-holo, khalase e ne e boetse e bitsoa liuli.Nakong ea Leloko la Han, ka lebaka la ho kenngoa ha lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa khalase ho tsoa tsoelo-pele ea Asia Bophirimela, palo ea lihlahisoa tsa khalase tse entsoeng ka mahahapa Chaena e kile ea fokotseha kapa ea kopanngoa le lintho tse sa tloaelehang, 'me boemo bona ba katleho ea setso bo ile ba ntlafatsoa ho Sui. le li-Tang Dynasties, nakong eo likhalase tse ngata tse ntle tse bululetsoeng ka mokhoa oa setso oa Sechaena li hlahileng.Nakong ea Leloko la Pina, palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa khalase e ile ea romelloa Chaena ho tsoa linaheng tsa Maarabia, 'me likhalase tse tletseng meetlo e sa tloaelehang li ile tsa thunya hohle naheng ea' mè oa naha, tsa etsa setšoantšo se setle sa ho kopanngoa ha meetlo ea Chaena le ea Bophirimela.Ho bohlokoa ho bolela hore le hoja palo e kholo ea lisebelisoa tsa khalase tse sa tloaelehang li ile tsa kenngoa Chaena, ho ntse ho e-na le phapang e kholo pakeng tsa likhalase tsa khale tsa Chaena le lisebelisoa tsa khalase tsa machaba.Ntle le ho fapana ha setaele, phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lijana tsa khale tsa China ke sebopeho sa khalase.Ka nako eo, karolo e ka sehloohong ea khalase ea Asia Bophirimela tsoelo-pele e ne e le sodium-calcium silicate dintho, ha China e ne e sebelisa potassium oxide (e ntšitsoeng moloreng oa semela) e le phallo, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore ho be le phapang e khōlō litabeng tsa khalase ea khale ea Chaena le ea Bophirimela. khalase.
Ea bobeli, ho sebelisoa ha likhalase
1.Mesebetsi ea kajeno ea khalase
Mehleng ea kajeno, tšebeliso ea khalase e pharaletseng haholoanyane.Khalase ea morao-rao e ka aroloa feela ka khalase e bataletseng le khalase e khethehileng.Khalase e bataletseng e arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro: likhalase tse sephara (tse arotsoeng ka mefuta e 'meli ea li-groove/no groove), setšoantšo se bataletseng sa khalase e bataletseng le likhalase tse phaphametseng.Mefuta ena ea likhalase e na le ts'ebeliso ea eona indastering ea mekhabiso ea meralo, indastering ea likoloi, indastering ea bonono esita le sesoleng.Ho latela sebopeho se fapaneng, khalase e ka aroloa ka khalase ea quartz, khalase e phahameng ea silica, khalase ea lead silicate, khalase ea sodium calcium, khalase ea aluminium silicate, khalase ea borosilicate, khalase ea potasiamo joalo-joalo.Mefuta eohle ea likhalase e na le ts'ebeliso ea eona, joalo ka khalase ea sodium-calcium e ka sebelisoa ha ho etsoa likhalase tse bataletseng, lisebelisoa tsa khalase le mabone;Khalase ea lead silicate e sebelisoa e le vacuum tube core ka lebaka la ho koloba ha tšepe e phahameng, hape e sebelisoa ho thibela mahlaseli hobane loto e ka thibela lintho tsa radioactive.Khalase ea borosilicate ke khetho ea pele bakeng sa khalase ea liteko tsa lik'hemik'hale ka lebaka la matla a eona a phahameng le ho hanyetsa ho bola.
Ea boraro, bokamoso ba khalase
1. Litebello tsa bokamoso ba khalase ea bonono le likhalase tse khabisitsoeng
E 'ngoe ea libaka tse kholo tsa ts'ebeliso ea likhalase tsa sejoale-joale ke likhalase tsa bonono le likhalase tse khabisitsoeng.Khalase e lahlile ts'ebetso ea pele ea liketane tse sebetsang, e qalile ho khabisa nts'etsopele.Ka mor'a hore setsi sa khalase sa khalase se hole ka bongata, lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa khalase tse ntle haholo li ile tsa qala ho hlaha, likandelare tsa khalase, mekhabiso ea khalase, liemahale tsa khalase esita le liemahale tse kholo tsa mebala e mebala.Lintho tse kentsoeng likhalaseng tsa bonono li kholo joalo ka likoloi, meaho, litšoantšo tse betliloeng tsa serapa, 'me li nyane joalo ka li-dials tsa oache, liforeimi tsa seipone le mehala ea cellular.Khalase e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le li-rhinestones bakeng sa ho nkela litaemane tse turang sebaka, ’me “litaemane” tse bonoang ho li-trinket kajeno ha e le hantle boholo ba li-rhinestones tse mebala-bala tse entsoeng ka khalase.
Bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea nakong e tlang ea likhalase tsa bonono, 'na ka bonna ke fana ka maikutlo a latelang:
1. Khalase ea bonono le likhalase tse khabisitsoeng li lokela ho ela hloko pululelo le boqapi, li khomarele moralo o ikhethang oa pōpo, 'me li tlisetse batho mokete oa pono.
2, ntlafatsa sebopeho sa thepa e tala ea khalase ea bonono, fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho holisa tlhahiso ea khalase ea bonono.
3, theha litekanyetso tsa indasteri, e le hore khalase ea bonono e ka ba moralo le tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele, ho qoba tšilafalo ea lintho tse tala le liketsahalo tse ling.
4, ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea likhalase tsa bonono le likhalase tse khabisitsoeng ka theknoloji e phahameng, e le hore theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea khalase e be boemong bo bocha, e khothaletse ntlafatso ea indasteri.
Khalase ea bonono e nang le mesebetsi e mengata le e kopantsoeng ea likhalase tsa bonono le likhalase tse khabisitsoeng ke ho fihlela litlhoko tsa The Times, joalo ka likhalase tse khabisitsoeng tse lokiselitsoeng ka ho kopanya lisele tsa letsatsi tse nang le marako a likhalase tse mebala-bala li ke ke tsa sebelisa matla a letsatsi feela empa hape li ka sebelisoa e le ntho e sa sebetseng. lerako le jereng thepa, empa hape le phetha karolo ea mokhabiso, ho bolaea linonyana tse peli ka lejoe le le leng
2. Khalase e Khethehileng
Khalase e khethehileng e sebelisoa haholo ka lisebelisoa, sesole, bongaka, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike, k'hemistri, kaho le masimo a mang, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le litšobotsi tsa eona.Joalo ka khalase e halefileng (matla a coefficient e kholo, ha ho bonolo ho e pshatla, leha e robehile e ke ke ea theha likaroloana tse bohale ho lematsa 'mele oa motho), khalase e nang le mohlala (opaque, hangata e sebelisoa libakeng tse hlokang kalafo ea opaque, joalo ka matloana), khalase ea mohala. (hangata e sebelisoa indastering ea kaho, ha ho bonolo ho robeha ha e ameha), khalase e sireletsang (molumo oa ho thibela molumo o motle), khalase ea bulletproof (khalase e matla e phahameng, khalase, joalo-joalo) E ka khona bullet e tlaase, e tiisa tšireletso) joalo-joalo.
Ntle le moo, mefuta e fapaneng e mecha ea likhalase e entsoeng ka ho kenyelletsa lintho tse fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale le eona e na le menyetla e mengata ea ts'ebeliso.Ho kenyeletsoa khalase e phahameng ea silica e boletsoeng pejana, khalase ea lead silicate, khalase ea sodium calcium, khalase ea aluminium silicate, khalase ea borosilicate, khalase ea potassium, joalo-joalo, hona joale tlhokomelo ea khalase e ncha le khalase ea motheo ea tšepe.Khalase ea tšepe ke mofuta oa thepa ea amorphous haholo-holo e entsoeng ka thepa ea tšepe, 'me ha ho na liphoso tsa kristale tse kang bokaholimo, boemo le ntlha.E na le thepa e babatsehang e kang elasticity e phahameng, matla a phahameng, ho hanyetsa kutu, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso, ho hanyetsa serame le mocheso, joalo-joalo, 'me e na le menyetla e pharaletseng ea tšebeliso ea oli le khase.
Nako ea poso: Oct-07-2023